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Breathing pattern · Calm

HRV 5 breathing: six calm breaths a minute

Breathe in for 5 seconds and out for 5, with no holds. Simple, steady and easy to keep up for several minutes.

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This pattern is breathing at its plainest: a smooth five-second inhale followed by a smooth five-second exhale. That comes to 6 breaths per minute, roughly half the pace of normal resting breathing. The "HRV" in the name refers to heart rate variability, the natural beat-to-beat changes in heart rate, which tend to become larger and more regular when breathing slows to around this pace.

How to do it

  1. Sit or lie comfortably and place one hand on your belly.
  2. Breathe in through your nose for 5 seconds, letting the belly rise first.
  3. Without pausing, breathe out for 5 seconds and let the belly fall.
  4. Keep the breath light: slow does not mean deep or forceful.
  5. Continue for five minutes, and extend to ten or more as it becomes comfortable.

When it helps

With no holds to manage, HRV 5 suits almost any moment: at your desk, before sleep, after exercise, or whenever you notice you are breathing fast and shallow. Short sessions spread through the day work well, and it is a natural warm-up for longer coherent breathing sessions. For an even slower pace, the studio also offers HRV 6 (6-6, five breaths a minute).

Origins and research

Breathing at about six breaths per minute is central to heart rate variability biofeedback, an approach studied for decades by researchers such as Paul Lehrer and Richard Gevirtz. In their work, many adults show the largest heart-rate oscillations somewhere between about 4.5 and 6.5 breaths per minute, a "resonance frequency" that differs from person to person. Slow breathing of this kind has been associated with better regulation of stress responses, although results vary between studies.

Safety

Practice sitting or lying down; never in water or while driving. Stop if you feel dizzy.

Breathing too deeply at a slow pace can make you light-headed. Keep each breath small and relaxed, and return to normal breathing if you feel dizzy.

Frequently asked questions

What does HRV mean?
Heart rate variability: the small, natural changes in time between heartbeats. Slow, even breathing tends to make those changes larger and more rhythmic.
How is this different from coherent breathing?
They are close relatives. HRV 5 uses whole five-second counts, while coherent breathing uses 5.5 seconds in and out. Try both and keep the one that feels smoother.
Do I need a heart rate monitor?
No, the pattern works on its own. A monitor or smartwatch can be interesting if you want to see how your own heart responds.

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